We accomplish this in electronics by varying the amount of current generated for different stick inputs. We need a signal that is analogous to the input, which is where we get the term ‘analog stick’ from. Drift HappensFor a thumbstick though, we need to know not just if it’s been pressed, but by how much and in which direction. That particular kind of input is either on or off, represented by a signal that reports either 0 or 1, which we call a digital signal. That fills in a gap and completes the circuit allowing current to flow, generating a signal that reports the button has been pressed. For example: if you press down on a button, a conductive element is brought into contact with the circuit board. Essentially, the more resistive material energy has to flow through, the lower the current. Resistive elements still conduct current, but they slow and reduce the overall current that moves along that particular path, so we can send different amounts of energy to different parts of the circuit board depending on the job we need accomplished. Gaps make a break in the circuit, so that the current will only flow if something is inserted to complete it. We limit that electric current’s flow by putting either resistive elements or gaps across the circuit board.
That current has to be precisely controlled, because if it runs unrestricted it burns through your energy supply incredibly fast and generates a ton of heat, which can damage the components and leave your device broken and useless.
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